Building Evacuation vs. Shelter in Place: Knowing When and How to Act

Emergencies can strike without warning, and in those critical moments, deciding whether to evacuate or shelter in place can mean the difference between safety and danger. Understanding the causes of each scenario, what to expect, and how to protect yourself can help you make an informed and potentially life-saving decision. This article breaks down the key considerations for both actions, empowering you to stay prepared.

When to Evacuate

Evacuation is necessary when staying in place poses a greater risk than leaving. Scenarios that typically require evacuation include:

1. Fires: Both structural and wildfires demand immediate evacuation due to smoke inhalation and the rapid spread of flames.
2. Hazardous Material Spills: Chemical leaks, gas explosions, or industrial accidents can release toxic fumes.
3. Earthquakes (Post-Event): Structural damage and aftershocks can make buildings unsafe.
4. Flooding: Rising waters can trap occupants, compromise structural integrity, and cut off escape routes.
5. Active Shooters: Depending on your location relative to the threat, evacuation may be the safest option if it can be done without exposing yourself to danger.

What to Expect

• Panic and Crowds: Expect others to be rushing out, which can lead to bottlenecks at exits.
• Limited Time: The window for safe evacuation is often short. Speed is critical.
• Official Guidance: Emergency personnel will direct evacuations when possible. Follow their instructions.

How to Protect Yourself

1. Know the Exits: Familiarize yourself with all exit routes in your building, especially secondary exits.
2. Grab Essentials Quickly: If time allows, take a “go-bag” with water, identification, first-aid supplies, and communication devices.
3. Stay Low: During fires, smoke rises. Crawl to minimize inhalation.
4. Assist Others: Help those with mobility issues but prioritize your safety.
5. Reunite Later: Agree on a meeting point with family or coworkers to avoid searching during an evacuation.

When to Shelter in Place

Sheltering in place is the safest course of action when leaving the building increases exposure to danger. Scenarios include:

1. Severe Weather: Tornadoes, hurricanes, or blizzards make outside conditions more hazardous than staying indoors.
2. Chemical or Biological Threats: Contaminants in the air require sealed environments.
3. Active Shooter: If evacuation isn’t possible, sheltering in a secure location may be safer.
4. Radiological Events: In case of nuclear incidents, remaining indoors can shield you from radiation exposure.

What to Expect

• Limited Resources: You may need to rely on available food, water, and supplies.
• Duration Uncertainty: Sheltering can last hours or even days, depending on the situation.
• Communication Gaps: Power or cell service interruptions may occur.

How to Protect Yourself

1. Choose the Right Space: Find an interior room with no windows, ideally on a higher floor during floods but below ground for tornadoes.
2. Seal the Area: Use duct tape and plastic sheeting to cover vents, doors, and windows during chemical or biological events.
3. Stay Informed: Use a battery-powered radio or apps like FEMA for updates.
4. Conserve Supplies: Ration food and water as needed.
5. Remain Silent: If hiding from a threat, silence your phone and stay quiet.

Key Differences Between Evacuation and Shelter in Place

How to Decide

Making the right call depends on:

1. Type of Emergency: Evaluate the nature of the threat and official guidance.
2. Preparedness: Have a plan for both scenarios, including pre-designated meeting points and supply kits.
3. Location: Consider your proximity to exits, the threat, and the safety of your shelter options.

Resources for Preparedness

1. Ready.gov: www.ready.gov
   • Offers comprehensive guides for evacuation and sheltering in place.
2. American Red Cross: www.redcross.org
   • Provides checklists and emergency preparedness tips.
3. FEMA App: Available on iOS and Android, delivers alerts and safety tips.
4. OSHA Evacuation Plans: www.osha.gov
   • Guidelines for workplace evacuation plans.

Final Thoughts

Emergencies are unpredictable, but your response doesn’t have to be. By understanding when to evacuate versus when to shelter in place, you can act confidently and decisively. Preparation and awareness are your greatest tools in ensuring personal safety. Stay informed, practice your plans, and remember—your safety is always the top priority.